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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 50(6)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550792

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, en Chile se ha evidenciado un aumento de la población vegetariana, sin embargo, existen escasos datos sociodemográficos, por lo cual, el objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar, según antecedentes sociodemográficos y alimentarios a personas vegetarianas chilenas en el año 2022. Se utilizó el paradigma cuantitativo y el diseño metodológico fue no experimental, descriptivo, exploratorio de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta de caracterización mediante Google Forms a 504 personas y para el análisis de la información se utilizó el programa SPSS v. 24. El 85,7% declaró ser de género femenino, la edad promedio fue 26,3 ± 5,7 años, 45,5% de los encuestados se declararon ovolactovegetarianos, seguido por vegetarianos estrictos (38,7%) y la principal motivación fue principios animalistas (68,7%). El 87,8% cursó educación superior y el 36,5% correspondió al área de salud. El principal motivo de asistencia al nutricionista fue el asesoramiento con un 80%. Se destacó que la población vegetariana consideró que es fundamental la asistencia a un profesional nutricionista para practicar este estilo de vida de forma óptima, por lo que es fundamental que los profesionales de salud se involucren en conocer a esta población, con el objetivo de otorgar una atención más cercana e integral. Finalmente, la presente investigación corresponde al primer estudio que permite caracterizar a la población vegetariana en Chile.


Currently, in Chile there has been an increase in the vegetarian population; however, there are few sociodemographic data, therefore, the objective of this study is to characterise, according to sociodemographic and dietary background, Chilean vegetarians in the year 2022. The quantitative paradigm was used and the methodological design was non-experimental, descriptive, exploratory cross-section. A characterisation survey was applied using Google Forms to 504 people and SPSS v. 24. 85.7% declared to be female, the average age was 26.3 ± 5.7 years, 45.5% of those surveyed declared themselves lacto-ovo vegetarians, followed by strict vegetarians (38.7%) and the main motivation was animalistic principles (68.7%). 87.8% attended higher education and 36.5% corresponded to the health area. The main reason for helping the nutritionist was the advice with 80%. It was highlighted that the vegetarian population considered that it is essential to assist a professional nutritionist in practising this lifestyle optimally, so it is essential that health professionals get involved in getting to know this population, with the aim of providing closer and more comprehensive care. Finally, this research corresponds to the first study that allows characterising the vegetarian population in Chile.

2.
Actual. nutr ; 23(1): 52-60, ene-2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417833

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La aparición de la Unión Vegana Argentina en el año 2000 sentó las bases para el vegetarianismo estricto en Argentina.Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir aspectos asociados al inicio y la transición de la dieta omnívora a la vegetariana en población mayor a 18 años de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Se empleó como instrumento un cuestionario online destinado a personas vegetarianas estrictas. La muestra fue de 121 personas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado de los datos y análisis de contenido de las preguntas abiertas del formulario. Resultados: El 51,2% de los encuestados (n=62) tenían una edad comprendida entre los 21-30 años, seguido por un 27,3% de personas (n=33) con un rango etario de 31 a 40 años. Hubo diferencias significativas por género, el 77,6% (n=94) pertenece al género femenino. Un total de 58 personas coinciden en que el vegetarianismo estricto es una cuestión alimentaria y ética de respeto a los animales. Un total de 58,6% (n=71) realizó una transición gradual hacia la dieta, mientras que el 41,4% (n=50) realizó una transición repentina. El 96,6% (n=117) refirieron tener los ingresos suficientes para adquirir los alimentos para dicha dieta y el 62,8% mencionaron que sale menos costoso una alimentación basada en plantas que una omnívora. El 24,6% (n=31) manifestó producir sus alimentos en sus casas. El 95,86% (n=116) de los encuestados elaboran sus propias comidas. Se observó que el 74,1% (n=86) destacaron motivos económicos en sus respuestas. Por otro lado, el 82,6% (n=100) de los encuestados manifestaron comprar alimentos ya elaborados, el 70% (n=70) por falta de tiempo, comodidad o por gusto. Conclusión: Esta investigación nos permitió reconocer dentro de la población en estudio grupos susceptibles a déficits nutricionales durante el inicio y la transición al vegetarianismo si no recibían el adecuado acompañamiento de profesionales de la nutrición. Asimismo, este estudio permitió establecer posibles líneas de investigación futuras sobre una población que ha crecido notablemente durante los últimos años


Introduction: The appearance of the Argentine Vegan Union in 2000 laid the foundations for strict vegetarianism in Argentina. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe aspects associated with the initiation and transition from omnivorous to vegetarian diet in the population over 18 years of Argentina. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. An online questionnaire aimed at strict vegetarians was used as an instrument. The sample was 121 people. A univariate descriptive analysis of the data and content analysis of the open questions of the form was carried out. Results: The 51.2% of the respondents (n = 62) were between 21-30 years old, followed by 27.3% of respondents (n = 33) with an age range of 31-40 years. There were significant differences by gender, 77.6% (n = 94) belonged to the female gender. A total of 58 people agree that strict vegetarianism is a food and ethical issue of respect for animals. A total of 58.6% (n = 71) made a gradual transition to diet, while 41.4% (n = 50) made a sudden transition. 96.6% (n = 117) reported having sufficient income to purchase food for this diet and 62.8% mentioned that a plant-based diet is less expensive than an omnivorous one. 24.6% (n = 31) stated that they produce their food at home. 95.86% (n = 116) of the respondents prepare their own meals. It was observed that 74.1% (n = 86) highlighted economic reasons in their answers. On the other hand, 82.6% (n = 100) of those surveyed stated that they bought ready-made food, 70% (n = 70) due to lack of time, comfort or pleasure. Conclusion: This research allowed us to recognize within the study population groups susceptible to nutritional deficits during the initiation and transition to vegetarianism if they do not receive adequate accompaniment by nutrition professionals. Likewise, this study made it possible to establish lines of research on a population that has grown notably in recent years


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Diet, Vegetarian
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 28(supl.1): 37-57, out.-dez. 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360459

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo analisa discursos produzidos sobre os animais pelo movimento vegetariano brasileiro do início do século XX. Contextualiza a criação do movimento no país, situando argumentos científicos e morais que embasaram a defesa do vegetarianismo. Analisa os discursos que cotejavam humanos e animais em seus aspectos biológicos e comportamentais, e que consideravam a carne um elemento "contaminador" da natureza humana. Argumenta que a a defesa da vida animal feita pelos vegetarianos naquela época não significava, necessariamente, a abolição de hierarquias e assimetrias entre a humanidade e os demais seres vivos.


Abstract This article analyzes discourse on animals from the Brazilian vegetarian movement during the early twentieth century. It provides context for the creation of this movement in the country, positioning scientific and moral arguments that were used to defend vegetarianism. Discourse that compared the biological and behavioral aspects of human and nonhuman animals and considered meat as an element that "contaminated" human nature was analyzed. We argue that the defense of animal life mounted by vegetarians at that time did not necessarily mean abolishing hierarchies and asymmetries between humans and other living beings.


Subject(s)
Vegetarians , Meat , Brazil , History, 20th Century
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(6): e536-e539, dic 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1146212

ABSTRACT

El déficit de vitamina B12 es una de las complicaciones más importantes que puede producir el vegetarianismo. Los lactantes hijos de madres vegetarianas tienen riesgo aumentado de deficiencia y de presentar compromiso neurológico irreversible si esta no se identifica y corrige adecuadamente.Se describe el caso de un lactante de un mes y veinte días que consultó por episodios paroxísticos de mecanismo epileptógeno, en el cual los estudios complementarios permitieron identificar un déficit de vitamina B12 como causa de estos. Tras la confirmación diagnóstica, se instauró el tratamiento con vitamina B12 intramuscular, con remisión completa de los síntomas, buena evolución posterior y desarrollo psicomotor sin alteraciones.Teniendo en cuenta las tendencias alimentarias actuales, es necesario incorporar, en la práctica clínica habitual, la anamnesis nutricional materna detallada para detectar precozmente el riesgo de déficit de esta vitamina y prevenirlo


Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the main complications of vegetarianism. Infants of vegetarian mothers have greater risk of deficiency and irreversible neurological compromise if deficiency is not identified and treated. We describe the case of a 1 month 20 days-old infant who consulted due to paroxysmal episodes of epileptogenic mechanism; laboratory tests identified a deficiency in vitamin B12 as the cause. After confirmation of diagnosis, treatment with intramuscular vitamin B12 was established with full remission of symptoms, good evolution and psychomotor development without alterations.Considering current alimentary trends, it is necessary to include a detailed maternal nutritional anamnesis in regular clinical practice, in order to detect the risk of this vitamin deficiency at an early stage and to prevent it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency , Pediatrics , Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects , Vegetarians , Mothers
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1402775

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, se ha reportado en la literatura científica un declive en la calidad seminal. La significancia biológica de ese evento podría estar relacionada con la reducción en la fertilidad masculina o con el aumento del riesgo de enfermedades en la descendencia. La occidentalización en el estilo de vida, caracterizado por el aumento del peso corporal, el sedentarismo, el uso de cigarrillo, la ingesta de alimentos ricos en grasas y sodio y la reducción en la ingesta de alimentos fuente de fibras y antioxidantes, pudieran estar implicados en esos resultados. A su vez, cambios en el estilo de vida, que conduzcan a una reducción de peso corporal, de la ingesta de grasa y sodio, a un mejor estado antioxidante y a un aumento de la ingesta de fibra, se han asociado a mejores parámetros seminales. Por lo tanto, la alimentación basada en plantas o vegetariana, podría ser una estrategia válida para mejorar el estado nutricional y la salud masculina.


In recent years, a decline in seminal quality has been reported in the scientific literature. The biological significance of this event could be related to the reduction in male fertility or the increased risk of diseases in the offspring. Westernization in lifestyle, characterized by increased body weight, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette use, intake of foods high in fat and sodium and reduced intake of food sources of fiber and antioxidants, may be involved in these changes. Modifications in lifestyle, which lead to a reduction in body weight, fat and sodium intake, a better antioxidant status and an increase in fiber intake, have been associated with better seminal parameters. Therefore, plant-based or vegetarian food could be a valid strategy to improve nutritional status and male health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Diet , Semen Analysis , Feeding Behavior , Fibric Acids , Fertility , Vegetarians , Food , Nutritional Status , Risk , Eating , Men's Health , Sedentary Behavior , Tobacco Products , Life Style , Antioxidants
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(4): e420-e424, ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1054949

ABSTRACT

La deficiencia de vitamina B12 es una de las complicaciones más graves del vegetarianismo. Los lactantes hijos de madres veganas tienen mayor riesgo de deficiencia grave y son más lábiles ante sus efectos. La deficiencia de B12 no es, por lo general, sospechada por el pediatra en lactantes previamente sanos con síntomas neurológicos, ya que las manifestaciones iniciales son inespecíficas: apatía, rechazo del alimento y pérdida de pautas madurativas. La anamnesis nutricional es fundamental para detectar riesgo de déficit de esta vitamina en lactantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir a un grupo de lactantes, hijos de madres veganas, con déficit de B12 y compromiso neurológico grave: apneas centrales, convulsiones, hipotonía, pérdida de conexión con el medio y de pautas madurativas. Nuestro propósito es alertar sobre la importancia de suplir B12 a las madres veganas desde antes de la concepción hasta el fin de la lactancia.


Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the most serious complications of vegetarianism and its variants. Infants born to vegan mothers are at greater risk of serious deficiency, being more vulnerable to their effects. B12 deficiency is not usually suspected by the pediatrician in healthy infants with neurological symptoms. The manifestations are nonspecific: apathy, rejection of food and loss of maturational patterns. A nutritional history of the mother, mainly if she is vegetarian, to estimate her reserves is fundamental to detect risk of deficiency of this vitamin in the small child. The objective of this work is to describe a group of infants, children of vegan mothers, with B12 deficiency and serious neurological compromise: central apneas, seizures, hypotonia, loss of connection with the environment and maturational patterns. Our purpose is to alert about the importance of supplying vegan mothers with B12 before conception until the end of breastfeeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Pediatrics , Diet, Vegetarian , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency , Infant , Nervous System Diseases
7.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 1435-1439, abr.-maio 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482177

ABSTRACT

Devido à grande demanda por produtos saudáveis e funcionais, aliado ao grande aumento de indivíduos intolerantes à lactose, alérgicos a proteína do leite e vegetarianos faz-se necessário desenvolvimento de produtos que atendam as características desse novo mercado. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi elaborar um alimento tipo queijo à base de leguminosas sem lactose, vegetariano, adicionado do prebiótico, a inulina, um composto funcional. Foram desenvolvidas três amostras de alimento tipo queijo a base de feijão branco, adicionados com três proporções de inulina com diferentes quantidades em grama (g) 5, 10 e 15, e avaliados quanto a composição centesimal, segundo Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). Os dados da análise físico-química para FQF1, FQF2 e FQF3, determinaram alta umidade, quanto ao teor de cinzas não houve diferença significativa, já para a análise de fibra solúvel e insolúvel, mostrou que FQF3 obteve diferença significativa entre FQF1 e FQF2, apresentando alto conteúdo de fibras. A quantidade de proteína variou entre 3,81 a 4,59% e baixo teor de lipídeos. Os resultados mostram que é possível desenvolver um produto a base de feijão, sendo de origem vegetal com composição adequada, baixo teor de lipídios e consideráveis conteúdo de fibra e proteína.


Subject(s)
Food Composition , Fabaceae , Chemical Phenomena , Inulin , Cheese , Diet, Vegetarian , Lactose Intolerance
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(1): 35-40, Mar. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893183

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Hace aproximadamente once mil años el ser humano pasó de alimentarse de los animales que cazaba o pescaba y los frutos y plantas que recolectaba, a aquellos que podía crecer a voluntad mediante la agricultura. Este cambio alteró dramáticamente la forma de la cabeza ósea y particularmente de la cara, que se hizo más grácil, y además se redujo el aporte de nutrientes claves. Con la industrialización, hubo un gran deterioro de la salud oral. Al abandono de una dieta cazadora recolectora incluso se le ha atribuido el origen de maloclusiones dentales, debido a la reducción del estrés masticatorio y con ello un menor tamaño relativo del maxilar y la mandíbula respecto a los dientes. Hoy en día, existiendo una mayor conciencia de la población respecto de sus cuidados y de su entorno, la adopción de dietas que excluyen cierto tipo de alimentos como los animales ha ganado adeptos. La dieta vegetariana presenta varias características que pueden afectar el metabolismo general y el óseo en particular, de manera similar a como lo hizo la agricultura en el pasado. La presente revisión busca analizar los cambios de la dieta humana, del punto de vista nutricional y mecánico y cómo estos afectaron la forma de la cara. Esto con el objetivo de comprender los posibles efectos de la introducción de alimentaciones de tipo restrictivas, como la vegetariana, en el organismo y particularmente en la anatomía facial.


SUMMARY: Approximately eleven thousand years ago humans beings went from feeding on animals they hunted or fished and fruits and plants they gathered, to crops they could grow through agriculture. This change dramatically altered the shape of the skull, particularly the face, which became more gracile, and also reduced the contribution of key nutrients. Along with industrialization, there was great deterioration of oral health. Leaving behind the hunter-gatherer diet has even been attributed to the origins of dental malocclusions, as masticatory stress was reduce, and reducing the size of the maxilla and mandible with respect to the teeth. Nowadays, there is greater awareness in the general population regarding personal care and their surroundings. Diets that exclude certain types of foods such as animal products are becoming more prevalent. The vegetarian diet has several characteristics that can affect metabolism, particularly the bones, as did the change from hunter-gatherer to agriculture in the past. The present review seeks to analyze the changes of the human diet, from the nutritional and mechanical point of view and how these have affected the shape of the face. This in order to understand the possible effects of the introduction of restrictive type feeds, such as the vegetarian diet in the body, particularly in facial anatomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull/anatomy & histology , Diet, Vegetarian , Nutritional Transition , Face/anatomy & histology , Feeding Behavior , Mastication/physiology
9.
Braspen J ; 33(2): 127-140, 2018. tab, fig
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-910066

ABSTRACT

Objective: Vegetarians might be at nutritional risk due to their food preferences. The goal of this study was to compare nutritional status and food intake of vegetarians and omnivores that use restaurants at the Federal University of Parana in Brazil. Methods: Clinical cross-sectional observational study performed between May 2014 and March 2015, assessing 84 vegetarians and 131 omnivores, adults, of both sexes. Anthropometric and body composition characteristics were evaluated on the total sample. In a subsample of 38 vegetarians and 63 omnivores, food intake of macronutrients, fibers, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron and zinc were evaluated. Blood tests for vitamin B12, iron, and ferritin were performed in a subsample of 40 individuals of each group. Results: The studied groups presented similar anthropometric data and body composition, although both had individuals classified as at risk for cardiovascular diseases according to body mass index (BMI) (16.7% and 24.4% above 25 kg/m2 among vegetarians and omnivores, respectively). The caloric intake did not differ as well, although the main sources of energy intake among vegetarians were carbohydrates as compared to omnivores that had lipids as the main source of energy in their meals. Vegetarians reached the recommended intake of fibers, and the omnivores, had a lower intake of this nutrient as expected. For vitamin B12 the prevalence of inadequate intake was 37.8% on the vegetarians group and 0.6% on the omnivores, and for calcium, 49% for both groups. Both presented vitamin D intake below the estimated average requirement. The intake of iron did not differ among groups, however, in the vegetarian group the inadequacy reached 50% for men and 100% for women; and in the omnivore group 93% for women. For zinc, the inadequacy risk was 100% for men and 90% for women in the vegetarian group and 25% of men and 4.5% for women on the omnivore group. Regarding the biochemical exams, the most evident deficiency was of serum vitamin B12 on vegetarians. Conclusions: The food choices among the investigated undergraduate vegetarians do not guarantee nutritional security as detected in this study. Except for calcium, the prevalence of inadequate intake of macro and micronutrients was higher among vegetarians as compared to omnivores, stablishing a nutritional risk status to this group regarding to intake of sources of vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron and zinc.


Objetivo: Os vegetarianos podem estar em risco nutricional devido às suas preferências alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de vegetarianos e onívoros que utilizam restaurantes da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no Brasil. Método: Estudo clínico observacional de corte transversal realizado entre maio de 2014 e março de 2015, avaliando 84 vegetarianos e 131 onívoros, adultos, de ambos os sexos. As características antropométricas e de composição corporal foram avaliadas na amostra total. Em uma subamostra de 38 vegetarianos e 63 onívoros, a ingestão alimentar de macronutrientes, fibras, vitamina B12, vitamina D, cálcio, ferro e zinco foram avaliados. Exames de sangue para vitamina B12, ferro e ferritina foram realizados em uma subamostra de 40 indivíduos de cada grupo. Resultados: Os grupos estudados apresentaram dados antropométricos e composição corporal semelhantes, embora ambos apresentassem indivíduos classificados como de risco para doenças cardiovasculares de acordo com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) (16,7% e 24,4% acima de 25 kg/m2 entre vegetarianos e onívoros, respectivamente). A ingestão calórica também não diferiu, embora as principais fontes de ingestão de energia entre os vegetarianos fossem carboidratos em comparação aos onívoros que tinham lipídios como principal fonte de energia em suas refeições. Os vegetarianos atingiram a ingestão recomendada de fibras, e os onívoros tiveram uma ingestão menor desse nutriente como esperado. Para a vitamina B12, a prevalência de ingestão inadequada foi de 37,8% no grupo dos vegetarianos e de 0,6% nos onívoros, e para o cálcio de 49% nos dois grupos. Ambos apresentaram ingestão de vitamina D abaixo do requisito médio estimado. A ingestão de ferro não diferiu entre os grupos, no entanto, no grupo vegetariano a inadequação chegou a 50% para os homens e 100% para as mulheres; e no grupo onívoro, 93% para as mulheres. Para o zinco, o risco de inadequação foi de 100% para homens e 90% para mulheres no grupo vegetariano e 25% de homens e 4,5% para mulheres no grupo onívoro. Em relação aos exames bioquímicos, a deficiência mais evidente foi de vitamina B12 sérica nos vegetarianos. Conclusões: As escolhas alimentares entre os vegetarianos de graduação investigados não garantem a segurança nutricional, como detectado neste estudo. Com exceção do cálcio, a prevalência de ingestão inadequada de macro e micronutrientes foi maior entre os vegetarianos em relação aos onívoros, estabelecendo um risco nutricional para esse grupo em relação à ingestão de fontes de vitamina B12, vitamina D, ferro e zinco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Body Composition , Diet, Vegetarian , Eating , Nutrition Assessment
10.
Actual. nutr ; 16(1): 12-17, mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771527

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la comercialización de bebidas a base de al-mendras fortificadas con calcio (Ca) se ha difundido inter-nacionalmente. Por su aspecto blanquecino se denominan usualmente “leches”, siendo utilizadas en reemplazo de le-che vacuna, sobre todo por vegetarianos estrictos. En Argentina se preparan sólo de manera artesanal y se desconoce su contenido en nutrientes, en particular de minerales. Objetivos: estudiar la composición centesimal y el contenido de minerales de las bebidas artesanales en base a almendras, utilizando distintas condiciones de obtención usualmente empleadas. Materiales y métodos: se elaboraron cuatro bebidas uti-lizando 100 g de almendras en 600 ml de agua, variando tiempos de remojo (0-36 hs) y con/sin filltración. Se estudió Ca por espectrometría de absorción atómica, sodio (Na) y po-tasio (K) por espectrometría de emisión, previa mineralización nitro-perclórica (50:50). En almendras se determinaron los inositoles fosfatos (IP) por HPLC y se calculó la relación molar ácido fítico (AF)/Ca, utilizando factores de conversión, como indicador de la disponibilidad potencial de Ca. Resultados: la composición de almendras fue (g%): grasas 53,5; proteínas 16,8; fibra dietaria total 9,6; cenizas 2,9; car-bohidratos digeribles 12,0; minerales (mg%): Ca 221; K 555 y Na 0,7; IP (mg%): IP3 54, IP4 151, IP5 853, IP6 4838. La relación molar AF/Ca resultó 1,6, muy superior a la recomen-dada (<0,17). En bebidas los resultados fueron (g%): grasas 3,2-5,6; proteínas 2,3-2,8; cenizas 0,2-0,3; minerales (mg%): Ca 9-18; K 56-68 y Na 13-16. Conclusiones: no se evidenciaron diferencias en nutrientes al comparar los diversos tiempos de remojo, ni con o sin filtración, resultando productos de muy bajo contenido de Na y Ca, y moderado aporte de K.


ntroduction: calcium fortified almond beverages are inter-nationally produced. Due to its white appearance they are usually termed as "milk", being used to replace cow's milk, especially by the strict vegetarians. In Argentina, they are only homemade prepared and their nutrient content is unknown, particularly minerals.Objectives: to establish the proximate composition and con-tent of almond beverages using different processing condi-tions usually employed.Materials and methods: 4 beverages were prepared using 100 g of almonds in 600 ml water, changing the soaking time (0-36 hs) and with/without ltration. Calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) of almonds and were quanti ed by atomic absorption spectrometry (Ca) and emission spectrometry (Na and K), after a nitroperchloric (50:50) mineralization. Inositol phosphates (IP) were determined in almonds by HPLC and the phytic acid (PA)/Ca molar ratio was calculated using conversion factors as an indicator of the potential availability of Ca. Results: the almonds composition was (g%): fats 53,5; pro-teins 16,8; total dietary bre 9,6; ashes 2,9; digestible carbo-hydrates 12,0; minerals (mg%): Ca 221; K 555 and Na 0,7; IP (mg%): IP3 54, IP4 151, IP5 853, IP6 4838. The PA/Ca molar ratio was 1,6, much higher than the recommended value (<0,17). The results for the 4 beverages were (g%): fats 3,2-5,6; proteins 2.3-2.8; ash 0.2-0.3; minerals (mg%): Ca 9-18; K 56-68 and Na 13-16. Conclusions: there was no signi cant difference in the nu-trient content of the 4 beverages neither when different soaking time nor the presence or absences of ltration were compared. The beverages are products with low content of Na and Ca and moderate content of K.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Composition , Juices , Prunus , Calcium , Food Security , Potassium
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 85(3): 337-343, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719141

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La deficiencia de vitamina B12 es una de las complicaciones del vegetarianismo y sus variantes. Los lactantes de madres vegetarianas tienen mayor riesgo de deficiencia y son más lábiles a sus efectos. Objetivo: Relatar un caso para alertar sobre la importancia de la sospecha de deficiencia de vitamina B12 en hijos de madres con hábito vegetariano. Caso clínico: Se presenta una lactante de 12 meses, hija de una mujer vegetariana de larga data, que se presenta con compromiso neurológico y hematológico por déficit de vitamina B12. Luego de un corto período de administración de cianocobalamina parenteral y apoyo enteral nutricional, evoluciona con una notoria mejoría clínica y de laboratorio, aunque aún presenta retraso del desarrollo residual. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina B12 no es frecuentemente sospechada por el pediatra en lactantes sanos. Sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser tan inespecíficas, como la apatía, el rechazo alimentario y el deterioro progresivo del desarrollo psicomotor. Una anamnesis nutricional breve realizada a la madre (con mayor énfasis en aquellas vegetarianas) para estimar sus reservas en el periodo previo, durante y después del parto pueden ser fundamentales para detectar el riesgo déficit de esta vitamina en el niño pequeño.


Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency is extremely common in strict vegetarians and their variants. Infants of vegetarian mothers have a higher risk of deficiency and are more prone to its effects. Objective: To report a case in order to warn people about the importance of suspected vitamin B12 deficiency in children of vegetarian mothers. Case report: A 12-month old infant, daughter of a longtime vegetarian woman, who presented neurological and hematological compromise due to vitamin B12 deficiency, is discussed. After a short period of parenteral administration of cyanocobalamin and enteral nutrition, the patient evolved with clinical and laboratory improvement, although she still had residual development delay. Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency is often not suspected by the pediatrician in healthy infants. Clinical manifestations can be nonspecific, such as apathy, food refusal and progressive impairment of psychomotor development. A nutritional anamnesis performed on the mother (with great emphasis on those strict vegetarians) to estimate her reserves in the period prior to, during and after delivery can be critical to detect the risk of this vitamin deficiency in young children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Infant , /complications , /etiology , Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects , Anemia, Megaloblastic/etiology , /drug therapy , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Parenteral Nutrition , /administration & dosage
12.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 4(1): 15-22, ene.-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-714460

ABSTRACT

En la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades a través de la alimentación han predominado modelos cognoscitivos que asumen que la información es un motor de cambio, pero el consumidor suele decidir en función de motivos más complejos que los valores nutricionales de la comida. El propósito de esta investigación es indagar los significados psicológicos que estudiantes universitarios le otorgan a los conceptos de Comer carne, Vegetarianismo, Persona vegetariana y Alimentación saludable. Se utilizó un diseño transeccional descriptivo-comparativo, con la metodología cualitativa-cuantitativa del Método de Redes Semánticas Naturales, con 60 estudiantes universitarios. A los conceptos Comer carne y Vegetarianismo los estudiantes atribuyen significados a partir de productos alimenticios concretos más que de características subjetivas que relacionen a ellos. A Persona vegetariana asocian palabras que la definen como saludable y enfermiza al mismo tiempo, mientras que Alimentación saludable se describe, según las definidoras, como una dieta "balanceada" con muchas frutas y verduras y poca carne. Se destacan también las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en estas conceptualizaciones, que señalan dinámicas de género relacionadas con la alimentación y la salud.


The prevailing cognitive models for the promotion of health and prevention of disease through good diet assume that information is an incentive for change. However, consumers tend to choose their food based on motives more complex than nutritional values. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological meanings that Chilean university students attribute to the concepts of Eating meat, Vegetarianism, Vegetarian person and Healthy diet. A descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design was used, applying a quantitative-qualitative Natural Semantic Network instrument to 60 university students. Students attribute meanings to Eating meat and Vegetarianism by citing concrete food products more than subjective characteristics they associate with these concepts. Vegetarian person is defined as simultaneously healthy and sickly, while Healthy diet is described as a "balanced" diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables and less meat. Differences between concepts men and women are also discussed to highlight gender dynamics related to food and health.

13.
Actual. nutr ; 14(2): 108-114, Jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771542

ABSTRACT

El correcto planeamiento de una alimentación vegetariana, hace que esta sea apropiada para los individuosdurante las diferentes etapas del ciclo de la vida, incluyendo también a los deportistas.En esta revisión se quiere considerar si el vegetarianismo es beneficioso, o perjudicial en el rendimiento deportivo.Se examinan los posibles mecanismos por los cuales las prácticas dietéticas vegetarianas podrían influir enel rendimiento deportivo, considerando el impacto de los macronutrientes como las proteínas y los hidratos decarbono, como también los micronutrientes como el hierro, el calcio, el zinc, la vitamina B12, y los antioxidantesy otros componentes de la dieta, tales como la creatina.


A well-planned vegetarian diet can be appropriate for individuals during different stages of their life cycle, including for athletes.This review aims to assess whether vegetarianism has a beneficial or negative effect on athletic performance. We analyze possible mechanisms by which vegetarian dietary practices could influence athletic performance. We consider the impact of macronutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates, as well as of micronutrients such as iron,calcium, zinc, vitamin B12, and antioxidants and other dietary components, including creatine.


O correto planejamento de uma alimentação vegetariana faz com que ela seja apropriada para os indivíduos durante as diferentes etapas do ciclo da vida, incluindo também os esportistas. Esta revisão tem como objetivo considerar se o vegetarianismo é benéfico ou prejudicial ao rendimento esportivo. Foram examinados os possíveis mecanismos pelos quais as práticas dietéticas vegetarianas poderiam influenciar no rendimento esportivo, considerando o impacto dos macronutrientes como as proteínas e os hidratos de carbono, como também os micronutrientes como o ferro, o cálcio, o zinco, a vitamina B12, e os antioxidantes e outros componentes da dieta,tais como a creatina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet, Vegetarian , Sports
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